教學(xué)目標(biāo)
一、教學(xué)目標(biāo)與要求
本單元的教學(xué)目標(biāo)是使學(xué)生能熟練掌握一般過(guò)去時(shí)沒(méi)過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)的用法。學(xué)習(xí)并運(yùn)用一些表示禁止和警告的用語(yǔ)。圍繞火災(zāi)這一日常生活中與人民生命財(cái)產(chǎn)密切相關(guān)的題材，使學(xué)生了解火災(zāi)的危害。
二、教學(xué)重點(diǎn)與難點(diǎn)
l．重點(diǎn)詞匯 might; case; collect; trap; control; escape; rescue; close; (get) close to; wonder; light (v. ); look out; in that case; belong to; put out
2．重要句型 1) What a lot of smoke! 2) Don’t go to your room to collect your things or you may be trapped by the fire.
3．語(yǔ)法復(fù)習(xí)動(dòng)詞一般過(guò)去時(shí)并掌握過(guò)去進(jìn)時(shí)的用法。
4．日常交際用語(yǔ)禁止和警告l) Look out 12) Be careful! 3) Take care! 4) Never try to carry the pan out of the kitchen. 5) Don’t take the lift, as the lift may become trapped between floors. Use the stairs.
教學(xué)建議
課文分析
這是一篇記敘文，記述了圣保羅大火的起因、火災(zāi)所造成的損失、營(yíng)救工作艱難的原因等。本文主題突出，首尾呼應(yīng)，結(jié)構(gòu)如下：
Part 1 (Paragraph 1) On Feb. 4th, 1974, a fire destroyed Sao Paulo's newest building, the Capital Building, and killed 220 people.
Part 2 (Paragraphs 2-5) The details of the fire
(Paragraph 2) The fire broke out on the 11th floor by an electrical fire.
(Paragraph 3) More than 300 people were trapped above the I fire.
(Paragraph 4) About 70 people escaped from the fire in the helicopters.
(Paragraph 5) The firefighters couldn't get close to the people trapped in the fire. Part 3 (Paragraph 6) The fire lasted about 4 hours.
本文圍繞 when, where, what, why, how long 等問(wèn)題，講述了圣保羅大火的來(lái)龍去脈，主要內(nèi)容如下：
On February the 4th, 1974, a big fire broke out, which destroyed the newest building in Sao Paulo and the cars, which belonged to the office workers in that building.
Perhaps the fire was caused by an electrical fire of an office on the 11th floor. The office workers tried to put out the fire but they couldn't control it.
The people below escaped into the street but 300 people above the 11th floor were trapped. There were no fire escapes in the building. Some people climbed to the flat roof of the building. But the smoke was too thick for the helicopters to rescue them. In the street there were so many people that the firefighters couldn’t get close to the building and the ladders were not long enough to reach people. So the fire lasted four hours and 220 people were killed in the fire.
聽力分析
Step1.Preparation for listening.
在未聽之前，教師讓學(xué)生看P122頁(yè)的練習(xí)
Setp2.Play the tape and do exercises
At first, play the tape until the Ss could understand it. Then play again do some exercises.每題先放一遍，提問(wèn)中國(guó)學(xué)習(xí)聯(lián)盟概的內(nèi)容。然后再放兩遍，讓學(xué)生做練習(xí)。
Setp3.Repeat the Dialogue
Let the Ss completely and repeat some of the paragraphs讓學(xué)生能夠復(fù)述其中的一段,如：
I went to see if it was a real fire. There were flames coming out of the ceiling. I quickly went back to my desk to collect my bag, which had in it my house keys, my car keys, and quite a lot of money, as I had been to the bank earlier that morning. It was a Friday, you see, and we were going away for the weekend.
寫作分析
Step I Understand the meaning of the words
firewood and bedclothes, bedclothes =sheets, blankets and so on for a bed (not the clothes a person wears in bed).
Step II Tell the Ss to read all the sentences first, then to number them in the correct order.
Answers: 161012748113592
Step III Get the Ss to write a short passage
using conjunctions or adverbs when necessary. Here is a model:
Last year we went to stay in a small house in the country. When we arrived at the house, it was raining. The house was cold and the bedclothes were not dry. We collected some firewood from the wood and lit a large fire. Then /Next we put the bedclothes in front of the fire to dry them. After that we went into the village to buy some food from the village shop. As we were walking home, we saw smoke coming over the hill. We thought that the smoke was coming from the chimney. However when we got near the house, we saw that the smoke was coming from a window. The bedclothes that were drying in front of the fire had caught fire. Luckily the floor was made of stone, so the house hadn't burnt down. Sadly all the bedclothes had been destroyed in the fire.
Get the Ss to check their answers in pairs, then check with the whole class.
重點(diǎn)難點(diǎn)講解
辨析catch fire, be on fire, set fire to, get burnt
catch fire“著火”，著重強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作。
be on fire“燒著”，著重強(qiáng)調(diào)狀態(tài)。
set fire to “點(diǎn)燃”，“放火燒”，著重強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作。也用set…on fire來(lái)表達(dá)這一意義。
get burnt 指“燒傷”，“燒著”。強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)果。
Don’t let your dress catch fire. 別把衣服燒著了。
The house is on fire. 房子著火了。
The enemy set fire to our buildings. ==The enemy set our buildings on fire. 敵人放火燒了我們的房子。
Don't play with fire; you may get burnt. 別玩火，你會(huì)燒傷的。
辨析be out, put out, go out
三者都可以表示火或燈的“熄滅”。
be out表示“熄滅”的狀態(tài)，還可以表示“在外面”，“不在家”。
go out指“燈，火”熄滅，是不及物動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)，主語(yǔ)是燈或火等。也有“出去”之意，強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作。
put out指“熄滅”燈火，是及物動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)，其賓語(yǔ)只能是表示燈火一類的詞。例子如下：
The light in the room is out. 房間里的燈熄了。
His son is out in America. 他的兒子遠(yuǎn)在美國(guó)。
One of the plane’s engines went out. 飛機(jī)的一個(gè)發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)滅火了。
She put the fire out and went to bed. 她熄滅爐火后上床。
辨析floor，storey
相同點(diǎn)：這二個(gè)詞都有表示樓層的含意。
不同點(diǎn)：如果指第幾層時(shí)，則用floor,同時(shí)指每一層室內(nèi)行走的地面，on the floor 由此而來(lái)。floor 英美的表達(dá)也不同
first
floor
second
floor
2樓
當(dāng)表示樓房的高度，說(shuō)房子有幾層時(shí)用storey。storey表示上下兩層之間的空間。
ground
floor
first
floor
1樓
英國(guó)
美國(guó)
中國(guó)
例子如下：
This is a ten-storey building =這棟樓有十層（高）。
This is a ten-storeyed building. /This is a building of ten storeys./The building is ten storeys high.
I live on the first floor.(美) I live on the ground floor.(英)我住在一樓。
辨析collect，gather
gather把分散的東西集中在一個(gè)地方，例如收集莊稼，樹葉，花草等。
collect按計(jì)劃或?yàn)榱四硞�(gè)特定的目的把東西經(jīng)過(guò)仔細(xì)挑選后收集起來(lái)。
She gathered the fallen leaves.她把落葉掃攏。
He collected facts to prove the theory.他收集資料以證明理論。
注意：表示一般意義的“收集；聚集”時(shí)，collect 可用來(lái)代替gather,但gather不能代替collect以表示特殊意義。
I enjoy collecting stamps.我喜歡集郵。（這里的collect 不能用gather來(lái)代替。）
People gathered/collected to watch the fight.(這里的兩個(gè)詞可互換。)
辨析catch fire與be on fire.
catch fire強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作，屬于非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。
be on fire強(qiáng)調(diào)狀態(tài)，屬延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。
A house caught fire last night.
The house has been on fire for an hour. 此句中的“has been on fire”不可改為“has caught fire”.
辨析get close to與be close to
get close to強(qiáng)調(diào)“靠近”這個(gè)動(dòng)作。
be close to強(qiáng)調(diào)“離……近的”這一狀態(tài)。
Don’t get close to the fire. It’s dangerous!
Our school is close to the railway station.
辨析save , rescue
save指“救、挽救”，普通而含義廣泛。指通過(guò)救援不但使受害者/物能脫離危險(xiǎn)或禍患，而且使其能保存下來(lái)，有時(shí)可與rescue通用。
rescue(=save...from harm or danger)常與from搭配，意為“救、營(yíng)救、挽救”，多指在直接的危險(xiǎn)或禍患中給予迅速和有效的救援，一般指救人；它還有從監(jiān)禁中救出的意思。
The doctor finally saved the boy's life. 醫(yī)生終于救活了這個(gè)孩子。
The firemen rescued five children from the burning house.
消防隊(duì)員從燃燒的房子里救出了5個(gè)小孩。
難句分析：
1．The fire also destroyed cars which belonged to people who worked in the building.這場(chǎng)大火還燒毀了大樓里工作人員的汽車。
1）這是個(gè)復(fù)合句。其主句為：The fire also destroyed cars；其后有兩個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句：①which belonged to people用來(lái)修飾cars ②who worked in the building 用來(lái)修飾people。
2）句中的“belong to”是個(gè)常用短語(yǔ)。
它可表示是“是……的財(cái)產(chǎn)（屬于）/是……的組成部分（屬于）/是……的成員（屬于）”。
例如：Who does this radio set belong to? 這臺(tái)收音機(jī)是誰(shuí)的?
belong to不可用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，比如：那本字典是我的。
要說(shuō)成：That dictionary belongs to me. 而不能說(shuō)成：That dictionary is belonged to me.
belong還可用于除to外的其他介詞或副詞前面，表示“某人/某物處在適當(dāng)?shù)奈恢�；在這個(gè)地方正合適/有用”。例如：
That chair belongs in the other room.那把椅子應(yīng)當(dāng)擺在另 一間房里 。
belong to的誤區(qū),不能用于進(jìn)行時(shí)。例如：
誤：I am belonging to No. 1 Middle School now.
正：I belong to No, I Middle School now.
不能用于被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)。例如：
誤：The house is belonged to his uncle.
正：The house belongs to his uncle.
正：The house is owned by his uncle.
正：The house is his uncle's
belong to后接代詞作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，要用賓格；后接名詞時(shí)，不能用所有格。例如：
誤：The book belongs to my/mine.
正：The book belongs to me.
誤：This pair of trousers belongs to Lucy's
正：This pair of trousers belongs to Lucy.
2．You might get burnt and you might drop the pan of burning oil.你可能被燒傷，也可能扔掉燒著油的鍋。
分析：
1）句中的get burnt是被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的另一種表達(dá)方式，即：get+pp.過(guò)去分詞。被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的通常表達(dá)方式為：be+pp.如：
My glasses got broken when I was playing basketball.打籃球，我的眼鏡給摔破了。
說(shuō)明：類似的短語(yǔ)有：get drunk(喝醉酒)get laughed at（被嘲笑）get punished（受懲罰）
2）本句中的might是情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，是may的過(guò)去式，但它在本句中并不表示過(guò)去，而表示一種可能性。如：
He is not here yet, He might /may be ill.他還沒(méi)有來(lái)，他可能病了。
上面的例句中，如果用may,則可能性比might要大。
The pan is on fire. In that case, you wouldn't have a pan on fire.
1) “(be)on fire” 意為“著火，失火”。例如：
Look! The house is on fire.
The shop on fire belongs to Mr Smith.
[歸納]本課中名詞fire同動(dòng)詞和介詞的搭配有：be trapped by / above the fire（被火圍困<在上面>）；be killed / burnt in the fire(被火燒死); escape from the fire（逃離火境）；set…on fire（使……燒燒<著火>）。
[聯(lián)想]名詞fire與動(dòng)詞的搭配還有：catch fire（著火）；control fire（控制火勢(shì)）；discover a fire（發(fā)現(xiàn)火情）；light a fire（點(diǎn)火）；start a fire / make a fire（生火）；put out a fire （滅火）；watch the fire（觀火）。
[聯(lián)想]名詞fire同另一名詞搭配構(gòu)成的復(fù)合名詞有：fire alarm（火警警報(bào)）；fire escape（<火警時(shí)用的>太平梯/安全梯）；fire exit（<火警時(shí)用的>出口/太平門）；firefighter（消防隊(duì)員<合成或分寫都可，但一般合寫>）。
2)In that /this case意為“在這種/那種情況下”。
It may snow tomorrow. In that case, you’ll have to stay here.
過(guò)去時(shí)和過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)
(1)過(guò)去時(shí)表示在過(guò)去某一具體時(shí)刻/時(shí)間完成或結(jié)束的動(dòng)作。它可用于以下場(chǎng)合：
有時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)的過(guò)去動(dòng)作。
I bought the watch in Switzerland in 1988.我1988年在瑞士買了這塊表。
詢問(wèn)已做動(dòng)作或已發(fā)生事件的時(shí)間的問(wèn)句。
When did you meet him?你是什么時(shí)間遇見(jiàn)他的?
盡管沒(méi)有具體時(shí)間，句子敘述的是過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。
I didn't know you were here.我剛才不知道你己到了這兒。
(2)過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)則表示所說(shuō)的事情在過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻或一段時(shí)間內(nèi)正在進(jìn)行，而沒(méi)有結(jié)束。它可用于以下情況：
在無(wú)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)的情況下，它表示逐漸的發(fā)展或事件發(fā)生的背景。
The wind was rising.風(fēng)越刮越大。
與某一具體時(shí)間/刻連用，它表示某一動(dòng)作在那個(gè)時(shí)刻以前已開始，并可能要延續(xù)到那一時(shí)刻以后。
I was watching TV (at) this time yesterday.昨天的這個(gè)時(shí)候，我正在看電視。
過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)經(jīng)常與一般過(guò)去時(shí)配合使用，這時(shí)，過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)通常作為一般過(guò)去時(shí)的時(shí)間背景。
We were all sleeping soundly when the earthquake happened. 地震發(fā)生時(shí)，我們都睡得正香。
如果兩件事都同時(shí)在進(jìn)行，也可都用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)來(lái)表示。
Some were carrying water while others were watering trees.有的在提水，有的在澆樹。
過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)與always連用，用來(lái)表示一個(gè)不斷重復(fù)的過(guò)去動(dòng)作，表達(dá)說(shuō)話人贊賞或厭惡的情感。
He was always ringing me up. 他老是給我打電話。
正如現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)可以表示一個(gè)明確的將來(lái)計(jì)劃一樣，過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)也可以表示這種發(fā)生在過(guò)去的將來(lái)。
Mr. Smith was busy packing, because he was leaving for London that night.
史密斯先生正忙著收拾行李，因?yàn)槟翘焱砩纤獎(jiǎng)由砣惗亍?/P>
注意：同樣一件過(guò)去的事情，用以上兩種不同的時(shí)態(tài)表過(guò)沒(méi)內(nèi)涵：過(guò)去時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的結(jié)束；而過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)，則強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的延續(xù)性。例如：
I cleaned the house this morning.上午我打掃了房間。
I was cleaning the house this morning.上午我一直在打掃房間。
練習(xí)：
(1) Old Mc Donald gave up smoking for a while, but soon______ to his old ways.
A. returned B. returns C. was returning D. had returned
(2) The reporter said that the UFO ______ east to west when he saw it.
A. was traveling B. traveled
C. had been traveling D. was to travel
(3) Lisa ______ a book about China last year, but I don't know whether she has finished it.
A. wrote B. has written C. was writing D. had written
答案與分析
【解析】（1）表示過(guò)去終止的動(dòng)作；（2）when she saw it 表示“時(shí)間點(diǎn)”，指過(guò)去進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作；（3）but I don’t know whether she has finished it. 暗示“過(guò)去的動(dòng)作并未結(jié)束”。答案為：(1) A; (2) A: (3)C。
【說(shuō)明】一般過(guò)去時(shí)和過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)的區(qū)別是考試的熱點(diǎn)。簡(jiǎn)單歸納起來(lái)，應(yīng)記住兩點(diǎn)：（1）一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示一個(gè)過(guò)去已完成的動(dòng)作，強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的結(jié)束；（2）過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示過(guò)去正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的延續(xù)。應(yīng)用時(shí)，注意找到對(duì)照時(shí)間，分辨是指時(shí)間還是終止時(shí)間。
教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)方案Lesson 61
Step I Lead in
Show the picture, talk about the following the questions?
1） What might happen if the oil gets too hot？
2）What would you do if the pan of oil catches fire？
Step II Listening
Play the tape of the dialogue for the Ss to listen and follow. Go through the dialogue briefly and make sure the Ss understand it. After that, answer the following question.
1). What did Jenny ask Yang Pei to do first?
2) .Did Yang Pei carry the pan out of the kitchen at once?
Key: 1) Jenny asked Yang Pei to turn off the gas and cover the pan. 2) No, she didn’t.
Step III Reading
Ask the Ss to read Part 2 to find out what to do if they hear the fire alarm. Check comprehension by asking Yes/ No questions:
1.Should I stay in my room? ( No)
2.Should I leave the building at once? (Yes )
3.Should I take my room key? (Yes )
4.Should I take the lift? ( No )
Step IV Play a role
The T let the Ss practise the dialogue in pairs a few minutes, The T can write some main sentences on the Bb, for example:
1) cooking in the kitchen; 2) the pan of oil; 3) catch fire) 4) turn off the gas; 5) cover the pan; 6) the fire (be) out
Then the T asks one pair to act the scene in front of the class.
Step V Language focus
1.Take care: be careful.
2. Is the fire out? If there are no flames, the fire is out.
3. You might…burning oil: If you carried the pan out of the kitchen, you might get burnt by the fire and you might drop the pan. Might here indicates possibility.
Step VI Examination Complete the dialogues with suitable words.
1.A: Be _______! The pan is very ______. You might get _______.
B: Thanks, Mum. But what _______I do?
A: You’d ______turn off the gas first. Leave the pan there _______it gets cooler.
2. A: Look ________! Your coat has ______fire.
B: Oh dear!
A: Take it _______and put it ________the water.
3. A: Take__________! You ________throw the cigarette end(煙頭) here. Look at those newspapers .They might _________fire.
B: Oh, I’m terribly ________.
4. A: _________careful! Your clothes _______get caught in that machine..
B: Thank you. I didn’t know I was so close ________it.
Step VII Homework
1.Finish off the Workbook exercises.
2.Preparation the Lesson 62.