（六）掌握情態(tài)動詞can, must, need, may等基本句型結(jié)構(gòu)及主要用法
�、� 情態(tài)動詞在英文中是“輔助性”動詞，用來表示說話人的語氣或情態(tài)，包括請求、命令、允諾、可能、需要、敢于、愿望、義務(wù)、能力等。情態(tài)動詞本身有詞義，但詞義不完全，不能單獨(dú)用作謂語，沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化，且后面只跟動詞原形。
�、� 情態(tài)動詞的種類：
原 形 過去式 詞 義
can could 能
may might 可以（或許）
must must(had to) 必須（不得不）
will would 愿意
shall should 應(yīng)該
need needed 需要
dare dared 敢于
③ can的用法
�。�1）表示體力或腦力方面的“能力”，也能表示根據(jù)客觀條件能做某事的“能力”。
The boy can swim very well.
Who can answer this question?
（2）表示允許
The students can leave after the meeting.
When can I get the news?
�。�3）表示推測
It can be wrong.
Who can your new teacher next term?
�、躢ould的用法
�。�1）can的過去式，表示過去有能力及過去的可能性。
They could run very fast when they were young.
Could you speak English at that time?
�。�2）表示客氣地請求或委婉地陳述意見。
Could I borrow your bike?
Could you listen to me carefully?
（3）表示驚異、懷疑、不相信等態(tài)度
How could that be?
She couldn’t know me.
�、� must的用法
�。�1）．表示義務(wù)，命令或必要
You must finish it before 5 o’clock.
Must I hand it in now?
�。�2）．表示肯定的推測：一定
She must be a pretty girl.
You must be wrong.
�、� need的用法
(1) 表示“需要，必須”，主要用于否定句和疑問句中。
We need to pay more attention.
Need I call him for you?
�。�2）need引導(dǎo)的疑問句，肯定回答時多用must，否定回答時用needn’t。
Need he come? 他必須來嗎？
Yes, he must.是的，必須來。
No, he needn’t.不，他不必來。
�、� may的用法
�。�1）表示請求、許可、可以
May I ask you some questions?
May we start now?
�。�2）表示推測說話人的猜測，認(rèn)為某一事情“或許”或“可能”發(fā)生。
He may be 25 years old.
We may come back in three days.
（3）may用于感嘆句中可以表示祝愿或愿望。
May you success!
May you have a nice trip！
⑧ should的用法
should意思是“應(yīng)該”，表示勸告或建議（=ought to）
Who should I meet this afternoon?
You should pack you bag quickly.
（七）了解一般現(xiàn)在時、一般過去時、一般將來時三種時態(tài)的被動語態(tài)的結(jié)構(gòu)形式及其基本用法
被動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的承受者。一般說來，只有需要動作對象的及物動詞才有被動語態(tài)。漢語往往用“被”、“受”、“給”等詞來表示被動意義。被動語態(tài)由“助動詞be+及物動詞的過去分詞（p.p.）”構(gòu)成。被動語態(tài)的時態(tài)變化只改變be的形式，過去分詞部分不變。疑問式和否定式的變化亦如此。
1．一般現(xiàn)在時的被動語態(tài)（am/ is/ are +done）
English is spoken by lots of people in the world. 世界上的許多人都說英語。
Class meeting is held every Thursday. 每周四都舉行班會。
The classroom is cleaned by the students every day. 學(xué)生們每天都打掃教室。
2．一般過去時的被動語態(tài)(was/ were +done)
The cup was broken by the boy. 杯子被那個男孩打碎了。
He was saved at last. 他最終獲救了。
My bike was stolen. 我的自行車被偷了。
3．一般將來時的被動語態(tài)(will/ shall be +done; would/should be +done)
A speech will be given this afternoon. 今天下午有一個演講。
A new road will be built next year. 明年要修一條新馬路。
I think thousands of people will be helped. 我認(rèn)為將有數(shù)千人得到幫助。
（八）了解含有情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)的構(gòu)成形式及其基本用法
情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)為：情態(tài)動詞+be+過去分詞; 其時態(tài)及句型的變化僅由情態(tài)動詞完成，“be+過去分詞”部分不變。如：
Tables can be made of stone.桌子可由石頭制造。
Tables could be made of stone at that time.那時桌子可由石頭制造。（一般過去時）
Can tables be made of stone? 桌子能用石頭制造嗎？（疑問句）
（九）掌握句子主謂一致的基本原則（此處略。見第七期）
（十）動詞不定式的基本用法
動詞不定式在句子中可充當(dāng)主語、賓語、表語和賓語補(bǔ)足語和狀語（包括目的狀語，結(jié)果狀語和原因狀語。）
1）作主語
To dance with you makes me happy.和你跳舞令我高興。
It is difficult to drive in the mountains. (=To drive in the mountains is difficult.)
在山里開車很困難。
2）作賓語
�、� 后接不定式作賓語的及物動詞多是表示“意愿”、“企圖”等的動詞，如：
hope, want, wish, desire, like, decide, try，promise, refuse.
I want to talk with her.我想和她談?wù)劇?BR> She has decided to go.她已決定要走。
�、� 在feel, find, think, consider, made等動詞后如果是不定式作賓語，而補(bǔ)語是形容詞，則通常用it作形式賓語，而把真正的賓語即不定式移至形容詞之后。如：
I find it impossible to forget her.我發(fā)現(xiàn)忘掉她是不可能的。
He thought it necessary to take an umbrella.他認(rèn)為帶把傘是必要的。
3）作表語
Her wish is to be a teacher.他的愿望是成為一名教師。
Your duty is to clean the classroom.你的任務(wù)是打掃教室。
4）作賓語補(bǔ)足語
He wants me to come earlier.他想要我來得更早些。
The policeman ordered them to turn around.警察命令他們轉(zhuǎn)過身。
5）作目的狀語：
She opened the window to let some fresh air in.她打開窗子好讓新鮮空氣進(jìn)來。
I went there to see her yesterday.昨天我去那兒看她了。
6）作結(jié)果狀語：
He is too tired to go any further.他太累了，不能再走了。
He is not old enough to join the army.他年齡太小，不能參軍。
7）作原因狀語：
不定式跟在表示“喜、怒、哀、樂”的形容詞之后，可以表示引起這些情感的原因。
I’m sorry to trouble you.真抱歉給你帶來麻煩。
I’m glad to see you.見到你真高興。
二、鞏固練習(xí)
一、單項(xiàng)選擇
1. He had his lunch already.
A. will B. would C. has D. have
2. Mary speak English before she left for England.
A. can B. was able to C. could D. had been able to
3. I your help. I can do it myself.
A. needn’t B. don’t need to C. need D. don’t need
4. some more tea now?
A. Do you like B. Will you like
C. Would you like D. Should you like
5. — you the book to the library?
—Yes, I borrowed another one a moment ago.
A. Do, return B. Are, returning
C. Will, return D. Have, returned
6. Don’t go to see him. He changed his mind
A. is B. was C. will D. has
7. —How many times your uncle been to Beijing?
—Twice.
A. has B. have C. does D. did
8. My boy, you talk to your father like that.
A. won’t B. hasn’t to C. shouldn’t D. has to
9. give me a cup of water, Mary?
A. Shall you please B. Will you please
C. Please you D. Please do you
10. I work out the maths problem yesterday, but I can work it out now.
A. can’t B. couldn’t C. may not D. needn’t
11. Since you are very tired, you do it today.
A. needn’t B. don’t need C. needn’t to D. not need
12. Li Li get up at 7:30.
A. used to B. used C. was used to D. uses to
13. You answer this question.
A. haven’t to B. don’t have to C. don’t need D. needn’t to
14. It was a cold night. An old man under a chair in the park.
A. is lying B. was lying C. has lying D. will lie
15. You go with us at once.
A. need B. should C. would D. could
16. —_____I watch TV after dinner, Mum?
—No, you .
A. May; mustn’t B. May; don’t
C. May; won’t D. Must; mustn’t
17. Oh, sorry. I you in Shanghai.
A. don’t know…are B. didn’t know…were
C. don’t know…were D. haven’t known…are
18. The PRC in 1949.
A. was found B. found C. was founded D. founded
19. —Is Xiao Li in the classroom?
—No, he there. I saw him in the reading room just now.
A. can’t be B. mustn’t be C. is D. needn’t
20. —Shall we go to the zoo tomorrow?
— .
A. Yes, we shall B. Yes, you shall
C. Yes, you will D. All right
21. Nobody _____ do it. Let me _____ .
A. can, try B. can’t, to try C. can, to try D. can’t, trying
22. “ _____ you like ______ bananas to eat?” “ Yes, please.”
A. Would, some B. Will, any C. Could, any D. Can, some
23. “ Can you answer this question in English?” “ Sorry, I _____.”
A. needn’t B. may not C. can’t D. mustn’t
24. “ _____ I borrow your dictionary?” “ Certainly, here you are.”
A. Must B. May C. Need D. Shall
25. I _____ see the words on the blackboard. _____ you write a bit clearly?
A. mustn’t, Can B. don’t, will C. can’t, Can D. needn’t, Could
26. It’s a sunny day today. You ______ take a raincoat with you.
A. can’t B. mustn’t C. needn’t D. can
27. I’ve looked for my pen everywhere, but I ______ find it.
A. couldn’t B. can’t C. mustn’t D. didn’t
28. “ ____ I speak to Ann?” “ Speaking.”
A. Must B. May C. Need D. Shall
29. The science book ______ good care of.
A. must be take B. must take C. must be taken D. must to be taken
30. The stars _____ in the daytime.
A. can’t be see B. can’t see C. can’t be saw D. can’t be seen
二、用方框內(nèi)的情態(tài)動詞填空（每詞只用一次）
need, needn’t, can, can’t, shall, shouldn’tmay, must, mustn’t, have to, would
1. I show him the way, I?
2. Can you answer this question in French? No, I .
3. May I keep the book for three weeks? No, you .
4. Nobody live without air or water.
5. You not worry. Everything will be all right.
6. — I have some chocolates now?
—No, you mustn’t.
7. Children be left alone.
8. I finish my homework before I go to bed.
9. we go out for a walk? That’s a good idea.
10. you like some fish?
三、把下列句子改為被動語態(tài)
1. I saw the boy run yesterday.
2. He told me that he would come back soon.
3. You can find a lot of differences between the two languages.
4. Do you water your flowers every day?
5. The wind blew down the big tree last night.
6. I think that he is right.
7. He had not thrown the bad food.
8. Mother was not mending the trousers.
9. They would not take him to Beijing.
10. Nobody knew me in this town at that time.
四、用不定式完成下列各句
1. （把英語學(xué)好）isn’t easy.
2. This is the room .（�。�
3. He made the children .（哭）
The baby is often heard .（哭）
4. Can you tell me .（如何去那所學(xué)校）
5. There are quite marry books .（讀）
6. Don’t stop （休息）before you finish doing your homework.
7. Mother wants me .（將來成為一位教師）
8. We have planned （去打籃球）tomorrow.
9. The students was made .（再打掃一遍教室）
10. It’s important （友善）and helpful.
三、鞏固練習(xí)參考答案
一、單項(xiàng)選擇
1. C 2. D 3. D 4. C 5. D
6. D 7. A 8. C 9. B 10. B
11. A 12. A 13. B 14. B 15. B
16. A 17. D 18. C 19. A 20. D
21. A 22. A 23. C 24. B 25. C
26. C 27. B 28. B 29. C 30. D
二、用方框內(nèi)的情態(tài)動詞填空
1. needn’t, must
2. can’t
3. mustn’t
4. can
5. need
6. May
7. shouldn’t
8. have to
9. shall
10. would
三、把下列句子改為被動語態(tài)
1. The boy was seen to run by me yesterday.
2. I was told that he would come back soon.
3. A lot of differences can be found by you between the two languages.
4. Are your flowers watered every day?
5. The big tree was blown down last night.
6. It is thought that he is right.
7. The bad food had not been thrown.
8. The trousers were not being mended by my mother.
9. He would not be taken to Beijing.
10. I was known by nobody in this town at that time.
四、用不定式完成下列各句
1. To learn English well
2. to live in
3. cry; to cry
4. how to get to that school
5. to read
6. to have a rest
7. to become a teacher in the future
8. to play basketball
9. to clean the classroom again
10. to be kind