第一部分：小學(xué)英語學(xué)科教學(xué)內(nèi)容說明：本部分測試考生對小學(xué)英語學(xué)科教學(xué)內(nèi)容掌握情況，本部分共26小題，共30分，分為四節(jié)。第一節(jié)：字母和單詞注音;第二節(jié)：翻譯;第三節(jié)：完形填空;第四節(jié)：寫作。
第一節(jié)：字母和單詞注音(共10小題;每小題0。5分，滿分5分)
1、 h [ ]
參考答案：h [eit∫]
2、z [ ]
參考答案： z [zed]
3、 l [ ]
參考答案： l [el]
4、is [ ]
參考答案： is [iz]
5、 reading [ ]
參考答案：reading [`ri:di]
6、sheep [ ]
參考答案：sheep [i:p]
7、kitchen [ ]
參考答案： kitchen [[`kitin]
8、on [ ]
參考答案：on [n]
9、can’t [ ]
參考答案：can’t [k
10、said [ ]
參考答案：said [sed]
第二節(jié)：翻譯題 把下面的句子翻譯成為英文(共5小題;每小題1分，滿分5分)
1、由于打了一個老板，他被列入黑名單, 并丟失了工作。
參考答案：Because he had struck a boss, he was blacklisted and lost his job.
2、他對這城市完全陌生, 所以我希望你能給他必要的幫助.
參考答案：As he is a perfect stranger in the city, I hope you will give him the necessary help.
3、他身體虛弱，但思想健全。
參考答案：He is physically weak but mentally sound.
5、 他想給他們增加些援助，增添些武器, 增派些人員。
參考答案： He wanted to send them more aid, more weapons and more men.
第三節(jié)：完形填空 閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，然后從各題所給的四個選項中，選出最佳選項(共10小題;每小題1分，滿分10分)。
Adults are often surprised by how well they remember something they learned as children but have never practised in the meantime. A man who has not had an opportunity to go swimming for years can ___1___ swim as well as ever when he gets back in the water. He can get on a bicycle after several decades and still___2___ away. A mother who has not ___3___ the words for years can teach her daughter the poem that begins “Twinkle, twinkle, little star” or recite the story of Cinderella or Snow White. One explanation is the law of over learning, which can be stated as following: ___4___ we have learned something, additional learning increases the ___5___ of time we will remember it.In childhood, we usually continue to practise such skills as swimming, bicycle riding long after we have learned them. We continue to listen to and ___6___ ourselves of poems such as “Twinkle, twinkle, little star” and childhood tales such as Cinderella or Snow White. We no only learn but ___7___ .The law of over learning explains why cramming (突擊學(xué)習(xí)) for an examination, ___8___ it may result in a passing grade, is not a___9___ way to learn a school course. By cramming, a student may learn the subject well enough to get by on the examination, but he is likely soon to forget almost everything he learned. A little over learning, ___10___ , is usually a good investment toward the future.
1、
A. only
B.hardly
C. still
D.even
參考答案： C
本題詳解：詞義比較常識運用前后照應(yīng) 大人們都經(jīng)常感到吃驚，小時候他們所學(xué)的東西，雖然其間從來沒有操練過，也能夠完好地記住。一個好些年里沒有機會去游泳的人當(dāng)他有回到水里的時候，他會仍然(still) 像往常一樣地游泳。only僅僅, 只不過;hardly幾乎不;still依然，仍然，還，表示原有狀態(tài)的持續(xù);even甚至，表示過分程度。注意后句中的still，此句與后句結(jié)構(gòu)相仿。
2、
A.move
B.drive
C.travel
D.ride
參考答案：D
本題詳解：詞義比較詞匯用法常識運用 幾十年后他仍然可以蹬上自行車把車子騎(ride)走。drive開車，駕駛，通常指駕駛馬車、和機動車輛(如汽車等);travel旅行，游歷，移動;ride騎(自行車)，乘坐(汽車、公共汽車，馬背等);move動, 移動，意義太籠統(tǒng)，不具體。
3、
A.thought about
B.cared for
C.showed up
D. brought up
參考答案：A
本題詳解：詞義比較邏輯推理 當(dāng)母親的好些年里沒有回想(think about)那些詞語了，能夠教女兒“Twinkle, twinkle, little star”開頭的小詩，也能夠背誦灰姑娘或白雪公主的故事。think about 考慮, 回想;care for關(guān)懷, 照顧;show up揭露, 露出, 露面;bring up教育, 培養(yǎng)。
4、
A.Before
B.Once
C. Until
D. Unless
參考答案：B
本題詳解：語句連貫詞義比較 before在...之前，表示時間關(guān)系;once一旦，如果……就，表示條件關(guān)系;until到...為止，直到...才，表示時間關(guān)系;unless如果不, 除非，表示條件關(guān)系。
5、
A.accuracy
B. unit
C. limit
D. length
參考答案：D
本題詳解：詞義比較邏輯推理常識運用 一旦我們學(xué)習(xí)了某樣?xùn)|西，額外的、附加的學(xué)習(xí)就會提高我們記憶它的時間長度(length)。常識告訴我們，時間久了，記憶會變得模糊，其精確性(accuracy)無法保證。length長度，時間的長短;accuracy精確性, 正確度;unit個體，單位;limit 界限, 限度。
6、
A. remind
B.inform
C.warm
D. recall
參考答案：A
本題詳解：詞義辨析 小時候，我們只是不停地聽，不停地去想起并記住(remind)那些小詩和孩提的童謠。remind使人想起，使人記起，提醒，使某人不忘記;inform通知, 告知;warn警告，通知;recall回憶, 回想。
7、
A.recite
B.overlearn
C. research
D. improve
參考答案：B
本題詳解：前后照應(yīng)詞義比較 我們不僅僅在學(xué)習(xí)，而且同時也在附加學(xué)習(xí)(overlearn)著。通過前面的分析，這里點題。recite(背誦)也是一種學(xué)習(xí)，它包括在learn之中。research研究, 調(diào)查)和improve(改善, 改進)文意不符。
8、
A. though
B.so
C. if
D.after
參考答案：A
本題詳解：邏輯推理語句連貫。雖然(though)突擊學(xué)習(xí)可能使你通過考試。though(雖然，即使)表示讓步關(guān)系;so因而，所以，表示因果關(guān)系;if如果，表示條件關(guān)系;after在……之后，表示時間關(guān)系。
9、
A. convenient
B.demanding
C.satisfactory
D.swift
參考答案：C
本題詳解：邏輯推理詞義比較。附加學(xué)習(xí)的規(guī)律告訴我們，突擊學(xué)習(xí)是學(xué)習(xí)學(xué)校課程中便利的(convenient)，有時也需要的(demanding)，且快速的(swift)的方法，但他不是令人滿意的(satisfactory)方法。
10、
A. at most
B.by the way
C.on the other hand
D. in the end
參考答案：C
本題詳解：邏輯推理語句連貫。突擊學(xué)習(xí)可以讓學(xué)生學(xué)得好以便能夠通過考試，但學(xué)生很可能不久就會忘得一干二凈。而(on the other hand)附加學(xué)習(xí)則是對未來的良好的投資。at most至多，頂多;by the way在途中, 順便;on the other hand另一方面，表示對立關(guān)系。in the end最終，終于。
第四節(jié)：寫作(1小題，滿分10分)
1、書面表達：假定你是李華, 亞洲冬季運動會將在你居住的地方舉辦, 現(xiàn)在正在招募志愿者, 你希望成為其中一員。請按要求用英文給組委會寫一封申請信. 內(nèi)容應(yīng)包括: 個人情況：年齡、性別、學(xué)歷個人條件：英語好、愛好體育、善于交往、樂于助人、熟悉本地情況承諾：提供最佳服務(wù)注意：詞數(shù)100左右，開頭語已為你寫好可適當(dāng)增加細節(jié)，以使行文連貫
參考答案：Dear Sir or Madam, My name is Li Hua. I would like to work as a volunteer for the Winter Asian Games. I’m a boy/girl of 17 and I am studying at high school now. I am good at English and I can talk with foreign tourists in English freely. I believe I can do a good job for the Games. First, I like sports and I know the place very well. Second, I get along with others easily, which is especially useful for a volunteer. Third, I’m ready to give help whenever it is needed. My promise is to offer the best service possible to the people at the Games. Please consider my request, and I’m looking forward to your early reply. Yours faithfully, Li Hua
第二部分：高等學(xué)校對應(yīng)于小學(xué)英語學(xué)科教學(xué)內(nèi)容說明：本部分測試考生對高等學(xué)校對應(yīng)于小學(xué)英語學(xué)科教學(xué)內(nèi)容掌握情況，本部分共17小題，共30分，分為四節(jié)。第一節(jié)：單項選擇;第二節(jié)：翻譯題;第三節(jié)：閱讀理解題;第四節(jié)：寫作。
第一節(jié)：單項選擇：從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項(共5小題;每小題1分，滿分5分)。
1、 - I’m sorry I didn’t make it to your party last night. -_________,I know you’re busy these days.
A. Of course
B.No kidding
C.That’s all night
D.Don’t mention it
參考答案：C
本題詳解：情景交際今年首次出現(xiàn)在第一題，說明了高考重視應(yīng)用的趨勢。 完整的問句和答句的后半句都是提示信息：根據(jù)問句中的I’msorry…可以排除選項A、B;根據(jù)后半句“我知道你最近幾天很忙”可以排除選項D。
2、Experts think that ___________recently discovered painting maybe _____________ Picasso.
A. the; 不填
B. a; the
C.a; 不填
D. the; a
參考答案：D
本題詳解：本題考點為冠詞，每年必考一題，常為區(qū)分某名詞是特指還是泛指�！ 「鶕�(jù)句意“專家們認為這幅最近本發(fā)現(xiàn)的畫作可能是一幅畢加索的作品�！笨芍耙豢諔�(yīng)該是表示特指的定冠詞the;后一空用不定冠詞a加上畢加索的名字(該單詞學(xué)生在不認識的情況下，可以觀察到其開頭字母大寫，應(yīng)該是人名或地名類的專有名詞，再由全句判斷得出詞義)，表示其眾多作品之一，泛指。
3、Bats are surprisingly long-lived creatures, some ___________a life span of around 20 years.
A.having
B.had
C.have
D.to have
參考答案：A
本題詳解：本題的考點為獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，判斷依據(jù)是逗號前后主語不同，前者是所有蝙蝠，而后者是某些蝙蝠(主語前后不一致又沒有用連詞引導(dǎo)的從句結(jié)構(gòu)，這是少見的“獨立主格”標志)�！ ☆}干主句意為“蝙蝠是一種長壽得令人吃驚的造物”，主謂賓成分俱全，可以確定后面的部分為修飾性的“補充說明型”獨立主格，相當(dāng)于一個并列句，通常放在句末，主動關(guān)系，形式為：邏輯主語+現(xiàn)在分詞=some having。
4、One Friday, we were packing to leave for a weekend away ________my daughter heard cries for help.
A. after
B.while
C.since
D.when
參考答案：D
本題詳解：本題考點為狀語從句的連詞，在初中階段就是重點�！ ☆}干里的前面一個成分俱全的句子為主句，時態(tài)為進行時，故排除選項A、C;連詞后面的句子一定是從句，時態(tài)為一般時，故排除B。意思是“……當(dāng)我女兒聽到呼救聲時，我們正在打包準備外出一周�！�
5、I always wanted to do the job which I’d been trained ______.
A.on
B. or
C.by
D. of
參考答案：B
本題詳解：本題考點為動詞搭配，需要考生注意平時積累，或也可以從所跟的介詞辨析大膽推測短語意思�！ rain做動詞意為“訓(xùn)練”，主句意思是“我總想從事……的工作”，后面的定語從句說明是什么樣的工作，應(yīng)該是“我一直以來(完成時)為此(for)被訓(xùn)練(被動式)的”，介詞for表目的。其余選項trainon鍛煉得有所改善;trainby和trainof并無習(xí)慣語義。
第二節(jié)：翻譯題：(1小題;滿分5分)
1、 把下面短文劃線部分翻譯成中文。 I find young people exciting. They have an air of freedom, and they have not a dreary commitment to mean ambitions or love of comfort. They are not anxious social climbers, and they have no devotion to material things. All this seems to me to link them with life, and the origins of things. It’s as if they were, in some sense, cosmic beings in violent and lovely contrast with us suburban creatures. All that is in my mind when I meet a young person. He may be conceited, ill-mannered, presumptuous or fatuous, but I do not turn for protection to dreary clichés about respect for elders―as if mere age were a reason for respect. I accept that we are equals, and I will argue with him, as an equal, if I think he is wrong.
參考答案：考譯文： 我覺得年輕人令人振奮。他們無拘無束;既不追逐卑鄙的名利，也不貪圖生活的舒適。他們不熱衷于向上爬，也不一味追求物質(zhì)享受。在我看來，所有這些使他們與生命和萬物之源聯(lián)系在了一起。在某種意義上講，他們似乎是宇宙人，同我們這些凡夫俗子形成了強烈而鮮明的對照。
第三節(jié)：閱讀理解題 閱讀下面的短文，從每題所給的四個選項A、B、C和D中，選出最佳選項(共10小題;每小題1分，滿分10分)。
(一) Advertisers tend to think big and perhaps this is why they’re always coming in for criticism. Their critics seem to resent them because they have a flair for self-promotion and because they have so much money to throw around. “It’s iniquitous,” they say, “that this entirely unproductive industry (if we can call it that) should absorb millions of pounds each year. It only goes to show how much profit the big companies are making. Why don’t they stop advertising and reduce the price of their goods? After all, it’s the consumer who pays…” The poor old consumer! He’d have to pay a great deal more if advertising didn’t create mass markets for products. It is precisely because of the heavy advertising that consumer goods are so cheap. But we get the wrong idea if we think the only purpose of advertising is to sell goods. Another equally important function is to inform. A great deal of the knowledge we have about household goods derives largely from the advertisements we read. Advertisements introduce us to new products or remind us of the existence of ones we already know about. Supposing you wanted to buy a washing machine, it is more than likely you would obtain details regarding performance, price, etc. , from an advertisement. Lots of people pretend that they never read advertisements, but this claim may be seriously doubted. It is hardly possible not to read advertisements these days. And what fun they often are, too! Just think what a railway station or a newspaper would be like without advertisements. Would you enjoy gazing at a blank wall or reading railway byelaws while waiting for a train? Would you like to read only closely printed columns of news in your daily paper? A cheerful, witty advertisement makes such a difference to a drab wall or a newspaper full of the daily ration of calamities. We must not forget, either, that advertising makes a positive contribution to our pockets. Newspapers, commercial radio and television companies could not subsist without this source of revenue. The fact that we pay so little for our daily paper, or can enjoy so many broadcast programs is due entirely to the money spent by advertisers. Just think what a newspaper would cost if we had to pay its full price! Another thing we mustn’t forget is the “small ads.” which are in virtually every newspaper and magazine. What a tremendously useful service they perform for the community! Just about anything can be accomplished through these columns. For instance, you can find a job, buy or sell a house, announce a birth, marriage or death in what used to be called the ‘hatch, match and dispatch’ column but by far the most fascinating section is the personal or “agony” column. No other item in a newspaper provides such entertaining reading or offers such a deep insight into human nature. It’s the best advertisement for advertising there is!
1、 What is the main idea of this passage?
A.Advertisement.
B.The benefits of advertisement.
C.Advertisers perform a useful service to communities.
D.The costs of advertisement.
參考答案：C
本題詳解：主旨大義題。由文章先討論了登廣告人覺得廣告需要被指責(zé)，但是，”It is precisely because of the heavy advertising that consumer goods are so cheap.”作者轉(zhuǎn)折指出正是因為廣告我們的貨物才如此便宜，進一步轉(zhuǎn)折，” But we get the wrong idea if we think the only purpose of advertising is to sell goods.”我們也忽視了廣告具有的其他作用，即為社區(qū)服務(wù)，之后所有的文字都是描寫廣告是如何為社區(qū)服務(wù)的，所以選C。
2、The attitude of the author toward advertisers is_______.
A.appreciative
B.trustworthy
C.critical
D.dissatisfactory
參考答案：A
本題詳解：推理判斷題。從作者的兩次轉(zhuǎn)折可以看出來。
3、Why do the critics criticize advertisers?
A.Because advertisers often brag.
B.Because critics think advertisement is a “waste of money”.
C.Because customers are encouraged to buy more than necessary.
D.Because customers pay more.
參考答案：A
本題詳解：細節(jié)題，由” Their critics seem to resent them because they have a flair for self-promotion and because they have so much money to throw around.”得出A。
4、Which of the following is NOT true?
A. Advertisement makes contribution to our pockets and we may know everything.
B.We can buy what we want.
C.Good quality products don’t need to be advertised.
D.Advertisement makes our life colorful.
參考答案：C
本題詳解：推理判斷題。C與文章主旨不符，顯然錯誤。
5、The passage is_______.
A.Narration
B. Description
C. Criticism
D.Argumentation
參考答案：C
本題詳解：主旨大義題。C是中性詞，指的是評論文章，本文不是敘事文，也不是描述文，也不是辯論文，選C。
(二) Police fired tear gas and arrested more than 5,000 passively resisting protestors Friday in an attempt to break up the largest antinuclear demonstration ever staged in the United States. More than 135,000 demonstrators confronted police on the construction site of a 1,000-megawatt nuclear power plant scheduled to provide power to most of southern New Hampshire. Organizers of the huge demonstration said, the protest was continuing despite the police actions. More demonstrators were arriving to keep up the pressure on state authorities to cancel the project. The demonstrator had charged that the project was unsafe in the densely populated area, would create thermal pollution in the bay, and had no acceptable means for disposing of its radioactive wasters. The demonstrations would go on until the jails and the courts were so overloaded that the state judicial system would collapse. Governor Stanforth Thumper insisted that there would be no reconsideration of the power project and no delay in its construction set for completion in three years. “This project will begin on time and the people of this state will begin to receive its benefits on schedule. Those who break the law in misguided attempts to sabotage the project will be dealt with according to the law,” he said. And police called in reinforcements from all over the state to handle the disturbances. The protests began before dawn Friday when several thousand demonstrators broke through police lines around the cordoned-off construction site. They carried placards that read “No Nukes is Good Nukes,” “Sunpower, Not Nuclear Power,” and “Stop Private Profits from Public Peril.” They defied police order to move from the area. Tear gas canisters fired by police failed to dislodge the protestors who had come prepared with their own gas masks or facecloths. Finally gas-masked and helmeted police charged into the crowd to drag off the demonstrators one by one. The protestors did not resist police, but refused to walk away under their own power. Those arrested would be charged with unlawful assembly, trespassing, and disturbing the peace.
1、What were the demonstrators protesting about?
A. Private profits.
B.Nuclear Power Station.
C.The project of nuclear power construction.
D.Public peril.
參考答案：C
本題詳解：】細節(jié)題。由” More demonstrators were arriving to keep up the pressure on state authorities to cancel the project…wasters”得出。
2、Who had gas-masks?
A. Everybody.
B.A part of the protestors.
C.Policemen.
D. Both B and C.
參考答案：D
本題詳解：細節(jié)題�！盩ear gas canisters fired by police failed to dislodge the protestors who had come prepared with their own gas masks or facecloths... one by one.”指出了a part of the protestors有g(shù)as-masks,而 policemen為了使用催淚瓦斯也應(yīng)當(dāng)有。所以選D。
3、 Which of the following was NOT mentioned as a reason for the demonstration?
A.Public transportation.
B.Public peril.
C.Pollution.
D.Disposal of wastes.
參考答案：A
本題詳解：細節(jié)題。由” The demonstrator had charged that…its radioactive wasters.”和” They carried placards that read “No Nukes is Good Nukes,” “ Sunpower, Not Nuclear Power,” and “Stop Private Profits from Public Peril.”得出BCD都提到了，只有A沒提到，所以選A.
4、With whom were the jails and courts overloaded?
A. With prisoners.
B.With arrested demonstrators.
C. With criminals.
D. With protestors.
參考答案：B
本題詳解：推理判斷題�！盩hose arrested would be charged with unlawful assembly, trespassing, and disturbing the peace.”得出。
5、 What is the attitude of Governor Stanforth Thumper toward the power project and the demonstration?
A. Stubborn.
B.Insistent.
C. Insolvable.
D.Remissible.
參考答案：A
本題詳解：推理判斷題。由 ” Governor Stanforth Thumper insisted that there would be no reconsideration of the power project and no delay …said.”得知政府的態(tài)度是固執(zhí)的，選A。
第四節(jié)：寫作：(1題;滿分10分)
1、以O(shè)n Aging of the population 為題，寫一篇長為120-150詞的小作文。
參考答案：Aging of the population People in China are living longer and longer while new babies are insufficient to take place of them. As a result, china has become an aging society, with the population over 60 reaching 134 million, or more than 10 percent of the country’s 1.3 billion total. The aging of the population is putting more and more serious pressure on both society and family. National expenditure for the aging population is always on the increase. To make matters worse, a declining proportion of the working population is likely to hinder the economic development. As for the young couples, they are struggling harder and harder to support their old parents while raising their children at the same time. Among the following three ways to address, the first is to pay due attention to guaranteeing the basic living standards of the elderly and safeguarding their legitimate rights and interests. Secondly, the elderly should be given full chance to play an active role in our social life and make a contribution to the whole society. Last, but not least, we should persist in our efforts to develop the market which provides products for the elderly and stimulate the growth of our economy.
第三部分：英語課程與教學(xué)理論知識說明：本部分測試考生對英語課程與教學(xué)理論知識掌握情況，本部分共14小題，共30分，分為四節(jié)。第一節(jié)：單項選擇填空;第二節(jié)：填空題;第三節(jié)：簡答題;第四節(jié)：論述題。
第一節(jié)：單項選擇填空(共5小題;每小題1分，滿分5分)。
1、英語課程標準規(guī)定了小學(xué)階段二級的語音知識具體目標。英語語音知識涵蓋語音的認讀、音節(jié)的識別、詞匯的辨認、_______、句子的理解，也涵蓋語調(diào)、節(jié)奏、音重和語流運作的規(guī)律
A.語篇結(jié)構(gòu)的感知
B.語法的認知
C.目標的獲取
D.語義的判斷
參考答案：D
本題詳解：暫無
2、一般而言，中小學(xué)英語單元教材可以分為三大系統(tǒng)，它們主次分明，_______是源，作業(yè)系統(tǒng)和圖表系統(tǒng)是流，三者相輔相成。
A.非文本系統(tǒng)
B.主題系統(tǒng)
C.知識結(jié)構(gòu)系統(tǒng)
D.文本符號系統(tǒng)
參考答案：B
本題詳解：暫無
3、 英語與漢語不盡相同，英語是_______。就英語閱讀過程而言，閱讀首先是個體把文字符號轉(zhuǎn)換為語音碼的過程;其次，英語語音與字母或字母組合有著相對的對應(yīng)關(guān)系 ，其語音操作由語義潛勢;其三，語音是短時工作記憶的載體。
A.語言符號系統(tǒng)
B.音節(jié)文字系統(tǒng)
C.拼音文字系統(tǒng)
D.表意文字系統(tǒng)
參考答案：C
本題詳解：暫無
4、 Austin和Searle的學(xué)說是“任務(wù)型”教學(xué)研究一個十分重要的理論來源。 Searle認為，語言交際單位不是單詞或句子等語言單位，而是_______。
A.語言行為
B.言語行為
C.文字符號
D.心理表征
參考答案：B
本題詳解：暫無
5、 小學(xué)英語_______ 對新知識沒有任何明確的計劃和要求，它是一個將聽、說、讀、寫、玩、表、唱等形式融為一體的英語課。
A.活動課
B.綜合課
C.口語課
D.鞏固復(fù)習(xí)課
參考答案：A
本題詳解：暫無
第二節(jié)：填空題(共5小題;每小題1分，滿分5分)。
1、 Theory is ______ in the practice of language teaching. It reveals itself in the assumptions underlying practice, in the planning of a course of study, in the routines of the classroom, in the value judgements about language teaching, and in the decisions that the language teacher has to make day by day.
參考答案：implicit
本題詳解：暫無
2、The ______ view of language sees language as a linguistic system made up of various subsystems: the sound system (phonology); the discrete units of meaning produced by sound combinations (morphology); and the system of combining units of meaning for communication (syntax).
參考答案：structural
本題詳解：暫無
3、____ learning emphasizes the task rather than the language in learning process.
參考答案：Task-based
本題詳解：暫無
4、 PPP stands for Presentation, Practice and _____. In PPP method classes or sequences, the teacher presents the context and situation for the language, and both explains and demonstrates the meaning and form of the new language. The students then practice making sentences before going on to another stage in which they talk or write more freely.
參考答案：Production
本題詳解：暫無
5、The _____ theory of language learning was initiated by the psychologist Skinner, who applied Watson and Raynor’s theory of conditioning to the way humans acquire languages
參考答案：behaviourist
本題詳解：暫無
第三節(jié)：簡答題(共3小題;每小題5分，滿分15分)。
1、基礎(chǔ)教育階段英語課程的總目標是什么?它建立在哪幾個方面的基礎(chǔ)上?每個方面都起什么作用?
參考答案： 英語課程目標按照國際通用的能力水平設(shè)為九個級別。從三年級開設(shè)英語課程的學(xué)校，三、四年級應(yīng)完成一級目標，五、六年級完成二級目標，七-九年級分別完成三、四、五級目標，高中階段完成六、七、八級目標，第九級為外國語學(xué)校和外語特色學(xué)校高中畢業(yè)課程目標的指導(dǎo)級，該級別也可以作為部分學(xué)校少數(shù)英語特長學(xué)生基礎(chǔ)教育階段的培養(yǎng)方向。
2、英語課程目標按照國際通用的能力水平設(shè)立幾個級別?各級別都適用于哪個年級?
參考答案：基礎(chǔ)教育階段英語課程的總目標是什么?它建立在哪幾個方面的基礎(chǔ)上?每個方面都起什么作用? 基礎(chǔ)教育階段英語課程的總體目標是：培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的綜合語言運用能力。綜合語言運用能力的形成建立在學(xué)生語言技能、語言知識、情感態(tài)度、學(xué)習(xí)策略和文化意識等素養(yǎng)整體發(fā)展的基礎(chǔ)上。語言知識和語言技能是得體運用語言的保證。情感態(tài)度是影響學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)和發(fā)展的重要因素，學(xué)習(xí)策略是提高學(xué)習(xí)效率、發(fā)展自主學(xué)習(xí)能力的保證。
3、請闡述小學(xué)階段聽、說、讀、寫語言技能之間的關(guān)系。
參考答案：聽是分辨和理解話語的能力，即聽并理解口語語言的含義;說是運用口語表達思想，輸出信息的能力;讀是辨認和理解書面語言，即辨認文字符號并將文字符號轉(zhuǎn)換為有意義的信息輸入的能力;寫是運用書面表達思想，輸出信息的能力。第四節(jié)：論述題15%
第四節(jié)：論述題(1題，滿分15分)。
1、論英語閱讀教學(xué)中生詞量和語法難易度控制，并舉例說明。
參考答案： 對中小學(xué)生而言，英語閱讀既是意義事件，又是語言事件。生詞量和語法難易度是衡量語篇可讀性的重要指標，于是，生詞量和語法難易度成了英語教材編制和閱讀教學(xué)的重要參數(shù)。英語生詞量的多寡，語法難易度的高低直接影響著讀者對篇章的理解和語義建構(gòu)，也影響著個體語言能力的發(fā)展。過多的生詞和過難的語法項目使語篇理解變得更加困難，甚至使語篇語義無法建構(gòu)。不同類型的閱讀有不同的生詞量要求和標準。一般來說，作為精讀課閱讀語篇的生詞量一般低于有效閱讀詞匯總量的3%;作為泛讀閱讀語篇的生詞量一般低于有效閱讀詞匯總量的1%。如果教材的生詞總量過大，首先，教師應(yīng)在教學(xué)中適當(dāng)增加閱讀量，以便降低閱讀的生詞量，減少有生詞量過大而造成的閱讀障礙;其次，根據(jù)生詞的難易度和頻度，把英語詞匯的記憶與理解融進聽、說、讀、寫、譯等語言活動之中。從而減輕學(xué)生記憶上的負擔(dān)，提高學(xué)習(xí)效率。語法難易度也是英語閱讀與閱讀教學(xué)不可忽視的問題。語法既是英語語言功能的存在，又是元語言功能的存在。教學(xué)中教師要根據(jù)學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)的基礎(chǔ)和經(jīng)驗分析語法項目的可學(xué)性，由淺入深，由易至難，由簡單到復(fù)雜，循序漸進，控制英語語法教學(xué)中的難度。讓學(xué)生在例示中理解和感知語法規(guī)則，在句子和語篇中操練語法規(guī)則，在不同的語言活動中提煉語法意識。語言是意義和結(jié)構(gòu)的結(jié)合體，語言學(xué)習(xí)和發(fā)展總是與結(jié)構(gòu)和意義相伴而行。通過閱讀學(xué)習(xí)英語語法，以閱讀控制語法難度，體悟語法意義和功能，提煉學(xué)生的語法意識，又以語法學(xué)習(xí)促進學(xué)生英語閱讀能力的發(fā)展，使英語語法學(xué)習(xí)與閱讀技能的發(fā)展相得益彰不失為英語語法學(xué)習(xí)的有效途徑。(考生必須舉例說明)